The Big Bang!

October 7, 2010

CernAccelerator2 300x199 The Big Bang!The Large Hadron Collider (LHC)  sits in a circular tunnel 27 km in circumference. The tunnel is buried around 50 to 175 m. underground.
The first collisions at an energy of 3.5 TeV (Tera-electron-Volt – 1 teraelectron volt = 1.60217646 × 10-7 joules) per beam took place on 30th March 2010.
The LHC is designed to collide two counter rotating beams of protons or heavy ions. Proton-proton collisions are foreseen at an energy of 7 TeV per beam.
•    The beams move around the LHC ring inside a continuous vacuum guided by magnets.
•    The magnets are super-conducting and are cooled by a huge cryogenics system. The cables conduct current without resistance in their super-conducting state.
•    The beams will be stored at high energy for hours. During this time collisions take place inside the four main LHC experiments.

CernAccelerator 300x199 The Big Bang!But what is this time machine, actually? Firstly it’s an impressive structure, then you try and put below the border between France and Switzerland, near Geneva, the biggest, most complex scientific instrument in the world, to date. Twenty-seven kilometers of tunnels where beams of protons will hopefully collide at 99.9% of the speed of light. Scientists, then, hope to re-create situations that haven’t taken place since the Big Bang, to better understand the Universe. The force released will be able to not only distort space (just like gravity distorts the space surrounding Earth), but also time! Hence the comparison with a time machine.

CERN 300x249 The Big Bang!The LHC is the world’s largest and highest-energy particle accelerator The collider is contained in a circular tunnel, with a circumference of 27 kilometres (17 mi), at a depth ranging from 50 to 175 mt (160 to 574 ft) underground.

How does it really work?

However…

CERN shuts down particle accelerator for 2012.
CERN Council approves the Laboratory’s Medium Term Plan. Geneva, 17 September 2010. During an intense series of meetings, which concludes today, the CERN1 Council overwhelmingly approved the laboratory’s revised Medium Term Plan for the period 2011 to 2015. The plan was originally presented to Council at its June session, at which Council asked CERN management to introduce cost-saving measures. In the revised plan, Member State contributions will be reduced by a total 135MCHF over the five-year period, with measures to consolidate CERN’s social security systems bringing the total reduction to the programme to 343MCHF. The plan protects the flagship LHC programme, achieving cost savings by slowing down the pace of other programmes. CERN management considers this a good result for the Laboratory given the current financial environment.

“The plan we presented to Council is firmly science-driven,” said CERN Director General Rolf Heuer. “It reduces spending on research and consolidation through careful and responsible adjustment of the pace originally foreseen in a way that does not compromise the future research programme unduly. The reductions will be painful, but in the current financial environment, they are fair.”

There will be no running of CERN’s accelerators in 2012. The decision to not run the LHC in 2012 had already been taken in February for purely technical reasons. The whole CERN accelerator complex will now join the LHC in a year-long shutdown.

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