Ganymede

October 19, 2010

Ganymede 300x300 GanymedeGanymede is the largest satellite in our solar system. It is larger than Mercury and Pluto, and three-quarters the size of Mars. If Ganymede orbited the Sun instead of orbiting Jupiter, it would easily be classified as a planet.

Ganymede has three main layers. A sphere of metallic iron at the center (the core, which generates a magnetic field), a spherical shell of rock (mantle) surrounding the core, and a spherical shell of mostly ice surrounding the rock shell and the core. Its surface is composed of two main types of terrain. Dark regions, saturated with impact craters and dated to four billion years ago, cover about a third of the satellite. Lighter regions, crosscut by extensive grooves and ridges and only slightly less ancient, cover the remainder. The cause of the light terrain’s disrupted geology is not fully known, but was likely the result of tectonic activity brought about by tidal heating. The largest area on Ganymede is called Galileo Regio.

Scientists believe there must be a fair amount of rock in the ice near the surface. Ganymede’s magnetic field is embedded inside Jupiter’s massive magnetosphere.

Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope found evidence of thin oxygen atmosphere on Ganymede in 1996. The atmosphere is far too thin to support life as we know it.

Ganymede’s discovery is credited to Galileo Galilei, who was the first to observe it on January 7, 1610. Beginning with Pioneer 10, spacecraft have been able to examine Ganymede closely.[20] The Voyager probes refined measurements of its size, while the Galileo craft discovered its underground ocean and magnetic field. A new mission to Jupiter’s icy moons, the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM), is proposed for a launch in 2020.

The radiation level at the surface of Ganymede is equivalent to a dose of about 8 rem (80 mSv) per day.

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