IBS…what is it?

November 22, 2010

IBS IBS...what is it?Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common functional bowel disorders that affect the colon. IBS is characterized by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating gas, diarrhea and constipation and may also be post-infectious or can manifest symptoms due to stressful life circumstances. Despite these uncomfortable signs and symptoms, IBS doesn’t cause permanent damage to your colon

Although there is no cure for IBS, most people find that symptoms improve as they learn to control their condition including dietary changes, medications and if necessary psychotherapy. Only a small number of people with irritable bowel syndrome have severe signs and symptoms. For some people, however, IBS can be disabling. They may be unable to work, attend social events, or even travel short distances.

Fortunately, unlike more-serious intestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis, coeliac and Crohn’s diseases, irritable bowel syndrome doesn’t cause inflammation or changes in bowel tissue or increase your risk of colorectal cancer. In many cases, you can control irritable bowel syndrome by managing your diet, lifestyle and stress.

Researchers have found very mild celiac disease in some people with symptoms similar to IBS. People with celiac disease cannot digest gluten, a substance found in wheat, rye, and barley. People with celiac disease cannot eat these foods without becoming very sick because their immune system responds by damaging the small intestine. A blood test can determine whether this particular disease may be present.

How can IBS be diagnosed?

If you think you suffer by IBS, the first step would be to see your doctor. IBS is generally diagnosed on the basis of a complete medical history that includes a careful description of symptoms and a physical examination.

There are few diagnostic tests that can be performed to determine IBS. These tests may include:

  • Stool sample testing
  • Blood tests
  • X rays

Typically, a doctor should perform a minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon called sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy.

If your test results are negative, the doctor may diagnose IBS based on your symptoms, including how often you have had abdominal pain or discomfort during the past year, when the pain starts and stops in relation to bowel function, and how your bowel frequency and stool consistency have changed. Most doctors refer to a list of specific symptoms that must be present to make a diagnosis of IBS.

Researchers have also found that women with IBS may have more symptoms during their menstrual periods, suggesting that reproductive hormones can worsen IBS problems.

Is there any treatment for IBS?

Your doctor may suggest prescribed quantities of fiber supplements or laxatives for constipation or medicines to decrease diarrhea, such as Lomotil or loperamide (Imodium). An antispasmodic is commonly prescribed, which helps to control colon muscle spasms and reduce abdominal pain. Antidepressants may relieve some symptoms but remember that both antispasmodics and antidepressants can worsen constipation, so some doctors will also prescribe medications that relax muscles in the bladder and intestines.

Medications affect people differently, and not all medication or combination of medications will work for everyone with IBS. You will need to work with your doctor to find the best combination of medicine, diet, counseling, and support to control your symptoms.

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